When is the Best Time to Go Tuna Fishing in the Florida Keys?

The Florida Keys, a string of tropical islands stretching about 120 miles off the southern tip of Florida, is a paradise for anglers seeking the thrill of tuna fishing. With its crystal-clear waters and abundant marine life, the Keys offer year-round opportunities to catch various tuna species. However, knowing the best time to plan your tuna fishing adventure can significantly increase your chances of a successful and memorable trip.

Understanding Tuna Species in the Florida Keys

Before diving into the best times for tuna fishing, it's essential to understand the primary tuna species you can encounter in the Florida Keys:

Blackfin Tuna: The most common tuna species in the Keys, available year-round.
Yellowfin Tuna: Less common but prized for their size and fighting ability.
Skipjack Tuna: Often found in mixed schools with blackfin tuna.
Bluefin Tuna: Rare in the Keys but occasionally spotted during migration periods.

Peak Seasons for Tuna Fishing in the Florida Keys

Winter (December - February)

Winter is an excellent time for tuna fishing in the Florida Keys, particularly for blackfin tuna. The cooler water temperatures drive baitfish closer to shore, attracting hungry tuna. Key points for winter tuna fishing:

Blackfin tuna are abundant and actively feeding.
Chances of encountering larger yellowfin tuna increase.
Weather conditions are generally stable, allowing for more offshore trips.

Spring (March - May)

Spring is considered by many to be the prime time for tuna fishing in the Florida Keys. As water temperatures begin to rise, tuna become more active and aggressive. Spring highlights include:

Peak season for blackfin tuna, with large schools frequently encountered.
Increased possibility of catching yellowfin tuna as they migrate through the area.
Ideal weather conditions with calm seas and comfortable temperatures.

Summer (June - August)

While summer can be hot and humid in the Florida Keys, it's still a productive time for tuna fishing. Key aspects of summer tuna fishing:

Blackfin tuna remain active, especially during early morning and late evening hours.
Opportunity to target tuna around offshore structures like oil rigs and floating debris.
Chance to combine tuna fishing with other pelagic species like mahi-mahi and wahoo.

Fall (September - November)

Fall brings a resurgence in tuna activity as water temperatures begin to cool. This season offers:

Excellent blackfin tuna fishing, particularly in October and November.
Possibility of encountering larger yellowfin tuna as they migrate south.
Less crowded waters as tourist season winds down.

Factors Influencing Tuna Fishing Success

Water Temperature

Tuna prefer water temperatures between 68°F and 84°F (20°C to 29°C). The Florida Keys' warm waters make it an ideal habitat for tuna year-round, with peak activity occurring when temperatures are in the mid-70s to low 80s.

Bait Availability

The presence of baitfish is crucial for successful tuna fishing. In the Florida Keys, common bait species include:

Pilchards
Ballyhoo
Flying fish
Squid

Tuna tend to be more active and easier to catch when bait is abundant, typically during spring and fall migrations.

Moon Phases

Many experienced anglers believe that moon phases affect tuna behavior. While opinions vary, some general observations include:

Full moon: Tuna may feed more actively at night, making early morning and late evening fishing productive.
New moon: Daytime fishing can be more successful as tuna feed throughout the day.

Time of Day

Tuna are known to be most active during low-light conditions. The best times to fish for tuna in the Florida Keys are typically:

Dawn (first light to about 9 AM)
Dusk (last 2-3 hours before sunset)

However, tuna can be caught throughout the day, especially when targeting deeper waters or using specific techniques like chunking.

Popular Tuna Fishing Spots in the Florida Keys

The Humps

Located about 15 miles southeast of Islamorada, the Humps are underwater mountains that rise from the seafloor, creating an ideal habitat for tuna and other pelagic species. This area is particularly productive for blackfin tuna year-round.

Marathon Hump

Also known as "The 409 Hump," this underwater seamount is located about 30 miles offshore from Marathon. It's a famous spot for catching both blackfin and yellowfin tuna, especially during spring and fall.

Offshore Wrecks

Numerous shipwrecks scattered throughout the Florida Keys attract baitfish and, consequently, tuna. Popular wrecks for tuna fishing include:

Eagle Wreck
Thunderbolt Wreck
Adolphus Busch Sr. Wreck

Tuna Fishing Techniques in the Florida Keys

Trolling

Trolling is an effective method for covering large areas and locating schools of tuna. Popular trolling lures include:

Cedar plugs
Feathers
Skirted ballyhoo

Live Baiting

Once tuna are located, switching to live bait can be highly effective. Common live baits used in the Florida Keys include:

Pilchards
Goggle-eyes
Blue runners

Chunking

This technique involves cutting baitfish into small pieces and dispersing them in the water to create a chum slick. It's particularly effective for attracting and catching larger tuna.

Planning Your Florida Keys Tuna Fishing Trip

To make the most of your tuna fishing adventure in the Florida Keys, consider the following tips:

Book a reputable charter service with experienced captains familiar with local tuna hotspots.
Plan your trip during spring or fall for the best chances of encountering multiple tuna species.
Be prepared for early mornings, as many charters depart before sunrise to reach prime fishing grounds.
Bring appropriate clothing, including sun protection and rain gear, as weather can change quickly.
Consider purchasing a Florida fishing license if fishing from a private boat or shore.

Conclusion

While tuna fishing is available year-round in the Florida Keys, the best time to plan your trip depends on various factors, including your target species, preferred fishing techniques, and personal schedule. Spring and fall generally offer the most consistent action for multiple tuna species, but each season has its unique advantages.

By understanding the seasonal patterns, fishing techniques, and prime locations for tuna in the Florida Keys, you can maximize your chances of a successful and memorable fishing experience. Whether you're a seasoned angler or a novice looking for an exciting adventure, the Florida Keys offer some of the best tuna fishing opportunities in the world. So grab your gear, book your charter, and get ready for the thrill of battling these powerful pelagic predators in the beautiful waters of the Florida Keys!